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The Penninsular plateaus are boarded on the east and west by the coastal plains. There are two penninsulas, Kathiawar and Kuchchh, on the western coast and an extensive plain of Gujarat The east coast has a number of  deltas, namely the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and theKaveri deltas The western coast has no deltas The west coast is more or less straight and east coast is curved The west coast has sufficient rainfall and no sand dunes while the eastern coastal plain deficient in rain and contains shifting sand dunes In Andra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu the east coast is known as Payan Ghat ( Coramandal Coast) The coastal tract of Orissa is known as the Utkal plain There are two large lagoons in the east coast - the Pulicat to the north of Chennai and the Chilka to the south of Puri The coastal plain in Maharashtra is known as the Konkan, in Karnataka the Kanara plain and in Kerala the Malabar plain The Malabar coast has a number of back waters, known locally as

Facing  the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea the penninsular plateau from largest physiographic division It stretches from the Satpura range in the north to Kanyakumari in south, for a distance of about 1500 km and from the Westernghats in the west to Rajmahal hills in the east, for a distance of 1400 km It has four physiographic sub-units: the western Ghats, the Deccan Plateau, the Eastern Ghats and the Eastern Plateau The Sahyadri in the northern part is formed of horizontal lava sheets. Thalghat and Bhorghat are two important passes through which the means of transport runs between the Konkan plain and the interior plateau The Sahyadri in its central section runs close to the coast The Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers have their sources on the Sahyadri and flow into the Bay of Bengal South of Palaghat gap is known as southern hills The highest peak Anamudi is the central point from where three ranges radiates in three directions - the Cardamom hills to the sou

A belt of hilly country bordered on the west by the Aravali range and on the east by the Vindhyan scarps is known as the Central Highland Its southern limit is the rift valley of Narmada One half of the Madhya Pradesh,one third of Rajasthan and a small part of Uttar Pradesh are included in the highlands The whole region is forested and is inhibited mostly by the Gonds, Santhals, Oraons and Bhills It contain the Aravali range, Bundelkhand Uplands, the Vindhyan range and the Narmada valley East of the Aravalli range is the Rajasthan  uplands drained mainly by the Chambal and Banas East of the Chambal, the land is rocky and is densely forested, it is known as the Madhya Bharat Parthar The Bundelkhand uplands lies between Yamunaand the Vindhyan scarp lands Between Madhya Bharat Parthar and the Vindhyan range lies an extensive lava plateau known as the Malwa which is covered with the black soil

The central and eastern part of the plain have been formed by the tributaries of the Ganga and the Bramaputra rivers. The western parts, the Punjab plains were formed by the tributaries of Indus  The Great plains are of recent origin, less than two million year sold. They are composed wholly of sediments which were deposited by the rivers The depth of the sediments varies from place to place. The maximum thickness of the sediments is believed to be about 3000m, in the central part of the plain. Half of the great plain lies in Uttar Pradesh and half in the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Punjab and Hariyana This is the largest alluvial tract of the world Physical Features The Bhabar: A narrow belt running east - west direction along the foot hills of Shiwalik from Indus to Tista Consisting of gravel and assorted sediments The porosity of the pebble studded rock beds is so high that most of the streams sink and flow under ground. Therefore, the area

The Himalayas or Northern Mountains consist of the youngest and loftiest mountain chains in the world The width of the Himalayas varies from 500 km in Kashmir to 200 km in Arunachal Pradesh The Pamir popularly known as the "Roof of the World" is the connecting link between Himalayas and the high ranges of the central Asia Geographically the entire Himalayan regions can be divided into The Himalayan Ranges The Trans-Himalayas The Eastern Hills 1. Northern Mountains The Himalayas are not a single chain or range of Mountains, but a series of several, more or less parallel or converging ranges Most of the Himalayan ranges fall in India, Nepal and Bhutan, but the northern slope are partly situated in Tibet while the western extremity lies in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia   (a) The Shiwalik Range The Shiwalik comprise the outermost range of Himalayas and is known as the Outer Himalaya The width of the Shiwalik varies from 50 km in Himachal Prade

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